Premonitory urges pu in ts can be assessed with the university of sao paulo sensory phenomena scale uspsps and the premonitory urge for tics scale puts. Sensory and sensorimotor gating deficits characterize both tourette syndrome ts and schizophrenia. Although traditional descriptions have focused on objective phenomenological observations, such as anatomical location, number and frequency of tics, patients firstperson accounts have consistently reported characteristic subjective correlates. Pdf sensory gating scales and premonitory urges in tourette. The total score is computed by summing the 9 items. The premonitory urges for tics scale puts was developed to assess the severity of the premonitory urge in children with tic disorders woods et al. Frontiers premonitory urges and their link with tic. The pus can be measured by the premonitory urge for tics scale puts.
Pdf the aims of this study were to examine a nonenglish hebrew version of a scale that measures the premonitory urge in children suffering from tic. The premonitory urge for tics scale puts is a psychological measure used to assess premonitory urges preceding tics in tic disorders. They may be localized around the area of tic or generalized covering a wide area of the body. The premonitory urge for tics scale in a large sample of children. The first aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of a standardized selfreport measure to assess premonitory urges in ctds, the premonitory urge for tics scale puts, by replicating the analyses of. Tic disorders and the premonitory urge europe pmc article. It has been compared to other physical sensations such as the need to itch or sneeze, or a burning, electrical feeling inside. Frontiers convergent validity of the puts psychiatry. However, despite its proven effectiveness, practitioners. Studies investigating the psychometric properties of the puts have so far indicated a good internal reliability and correlations with the yale global tic severity scale ygtss 15 for children of 11 years. The first aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of a standardized selfreport measure to assess premonitory urges in ctds, the premonitory urge for tics scale puts, by replicating the analyses of woods et al. The premonitory urge for tics scale puts 12 is the most frequently used selfreport measure to assess the severity of premonitory urges. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the puts in the largest sample size to date. Many individuals experience a physical sensation a premonitory feelingurge that precedes a tic.
Each item is rated using a 4point ordinal scale, ranging from 1 to 4 1 not at all true, 2 a little true, 3 pretty much true, 4 very much true. Pdf sensory gating scales and premonitory urges in. The correlation between the severity of premonitory urges. The premonitory urge for tics scale in a large sample of children and adolescents. Woods, piacentini, himle, and chang 2005, however, recently developed and published a brief, selfreport scale, the premonitory urge for tics scale puts, for assessing the presence and intensity of premonitory urges to tic in a dimensional manner. The same tics seem to recur in bouts during the day and are worse during periods of fatigue andor stress. Tic disorders and the premonitory urge pdf paperity. Initial psychometric results and examination of the premonitory urge phenomenon in youths with tic disorders. Pdf tic disorders and the premonitory urge researchgate. Feb 01, 2010 the aims of this study were to examine a nonenglish hebrew version of a scale that measures the premonitory urge in children suffering from tic disorder, as well as examine the correlations of the urge with demographic and clinical aspects of tourette syndrome. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been. In order to assess the characteristics of premonitory urges, woods et al.
Body perception in tourette syndrome interoception, tics. Habit reversal training hrt, a behavioral intervention, is the best researched psychosocial treatment for ts and tic disorders, and is now considered a wellestablished treatment for reducing tic symptoms. Studies investigating the psychometric properties of. Reese and others published premonitory urge for tics scale find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Please visit the project page for details or ask questions at wikipedia talk.
Age, gender, baseline tic severity, premonitory urge for tics scale puts scores, beliefs about tic scale bats scores, hypersensitivity and comorbid psychiatric symptoms were analysed as predictors of outcome. Forty children and adolescents, suffering from tics participated in this study. The premonitory urge for tics scale puts is the most frequently. The aims of this study were to examine a nonenglish hebrew version of a scale that measures the premonitory urge in children suffering from tic disorder, as well as examine the correlations of the urge with demographic and clinical aspects of tourette syndrome. Investigating the effects of tic suppression on premonitory. Sensory gating scales and premonitory urges in tourette syndrome. Rijksuniversiteit groningen founded in 1614 top 100 university. Inte alls lite ganska valdigt sant sant sant sant 1. This urge is a unique feature that distinguishes tics disorders from other movement.
However, convergent validity of the measure has been difficult to assess due to the lack of other urge measures. Premonitory urges and sensorimotor processing in tourette syndrome. Tics wax and wane regarding their severity, while their expression is affected by nonmotor sensory or cognitive elements that are mostly known as premonitory urges. Neurobiology of the premonitory urge in tourettes syndrome. We investigated the relationship between average realtime urge intensity. Evidence supports the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments for tourette syndrome ts and tic disorders. Since premonitory urges are often used in nonpharmacological interventions to decrease tic severity, it is of interest in the present study to examine whether premonitory urges can actually predict tic severity.
The premonitory urge for tics scale is recommended for clinical use in the assessment of premonitory urges, but it has also been repeatedly used to measure premonitory urge intensity in brain. Unfortunately for individuals with ts the urge, along with the discomfort, keeps coming back and the. Reported by 95% of adults with ts 92% say tics are fully or partially a voluntary response to premonitory urges leckman et al, 1993, american journal of psychiatry. Although some studies have used the premonitory urge for tics scale puts 58 to evaluate ticrelated premonitory urges, 42,59 this tool does not. However, before the movement or sound occurs, many individuals experience a premonitory urge. Nov 28, 2017 individuals with chronic tic disorders ctds frequently describe aversive subjective sensory sensations that precede their tics. Premonitory urges in tourettes syndrome american journal. Investigating a therapistguided, parentassisted remote. Pdf the premonitory urge for tics scale in a large.
Many tics occur without warning and may not even be noticed by the person doing them. The scale includes nine items designed to measure both sensory and mental phenomena and shows a high internal consistency, especially in children older than 10 years. Others are preceded by a subtle urge that is difficult to describe some liken it to the urge to scratch an itch. This study examined the psychometric properties of a novel scale called the individualized premonitory urge for tics scale iputs that assesses urge severity across multiple dimensions number, frequency, and intensity. The premonitory urge is a feeling of tension or discomfort that comes before the visible tic.
Studies with the premonitory urge for tics scale puts, a psychometric tool specifically developed to measure the severity of pus 20,21, have highlighted that. The premonitory urge for tics scale in a large sample of. Tic disorders and the premonitory urge, journal of neural. This crosssectional study evaluated premonitory urges and related phenomena in subjects with tic disorders.
The puts is a selfreport instrument that measures premonitory urges in tic disorders. The puts is a brief selfreport of the frequency of specific pre tic related sensory symptoms, while the uspsps assesses the frequency and severity of sensory phenomena that precede, accompany, or follow tics and other. Predictors of therapeutic treatment outcome in adolescent. However, these ratings have been limited by their reliance on a single global dimension of urge severity. The correlation between the severity of premonitory urges and. It is easy to think of tourette syndrome ts as nothing more than the involuntary movements and sounds see list of possible tics that are the noticeable part of a tic from the perspective of an outside observer. Its like your brain itches, or your insides are being tickled why interoception. Jan 25, 2017 63 woods dw, piacentini j, himle mb, et al premonitory urge for tics scale puts. The premonitory urge is a feeling of tension or discomfort that comes before. Oct 29, 2019 the premonitory urge for tics scale in a large sample of children and adolescents. The snapiv is a behavioural rating scale that includes the core symptoms of adhd and oppositionaldefiant disorder odd. Once the tic is performed, the urge goes away either partially or completely.
Fiftynine children and adolescents were randomised to manualised treatment combining hrt and erp as individual or group training. Interesting, medication used to treat tics often decreases the urge as well. Severity of premonitory urges can be assessed with the premonitory urge for tic disorders scale puts. Children were deemed ineligible if they met the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of attentionde. The puts has demonstrated good psychometric properties to assess an individuals urge to tic across samples mcguire et al. Premonitory urges are uncomfortable physical sensations preceding tics that occur in most individuals with a chronic tic disorder. This article is within the scope of wikiproject medicine, which recommends that medicinerelated articles follow the manual of style for medicinerelated articles and that biomedical information in any article use highquality medical sources. Neurobiology of the premonitory urge in tourette syndrome. Sensory gating scales and premonitory urges in tourette.
Premonitory urge for tics scale puts right before i do a tic, i feel like my insides are itchy. Each item is scored from 1 not at all true to 4 very much true. The most popular abbreviation for premonitory urge for tics scale is. Jun 17, 2010 sensory and sensorimotor gating deficits characterize both tourette syndrome ts and schizophrenia. Premonitory urge many individuals experience a physical sensation a premonitory feelingurge that precedes a tic.
University of groningen the premonitory urge for tics scale in a large sample of children and adolescents emtics collaborative grp. In a more recent study, kwak, vuong, and jankovic 2003 administered a questionnaire to 50 individuals mean age 23. If the tic is delayed, the urge tends to go up, increasing discomfort. A total of 5 subjects with tic disorders, aged 8 to 71 years, completed a questionnaire concerning their current and past tic symptoms. Woods and colleagues developed a brief selfreport scale called the premonitory urge for tics scale puts that assessed tic premonitory urges across 9 items woods et al. Dec 23, 2009 the premonitory urges for tics scale puts was developed to assess the severity of the premonitory urge in children with tic disorders woods et al. However, despite its proven effectiveness, practitioners seldom use it to. The premonitory urge for tics scale is recommended for clinical use in the assessment of premonitory urges, but it has also been repeatedly used. Premonitory urges in tourette syndrome are a feeling of. Individuals with chronic tic disorders ctds frequently describe aversive subjective sensory sensations that precede their tics. All participants completed the ygtss yale global tic severity scale in order to assess tic severity and the premonitory urge for tics scale. Results showed that the premonitory urge for tics scale puts was internally consistent. Such additional symptoms may cause more problems than tics as they can be less visible.
The premonitory urge for tics scale puts is the most frequently used selfreport measure to assess the severity of premonitory urges. When a person presents with tics and cooccurring symptoms this is clinically referred to as mixed neurodevelopment symptoms. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, volume 26, number 6, december 2005 pp397403. Many patients, however, describe their tics as a voluntary response to premonitory urges. In this study we translated the puts scale into italian and then assessed children and adolescentsyoung people cyp with gts using the scale. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, 26 6, 397403. Premonitory urges and their link with tic severity in. The current study of 42 youths with ts or ctd presents initial psychometric data for a new, brief selfreport scale designed to measure ticrelated premonitory urges. Motor and vocal tics are relatively common motor manifestations identified as the core features of tourettes syndrome ts.
293 590 791 463 1469 596 932 308 1170 148 146 1553 1434 513 1339 268 2 1151 573 1114 883 1686 780 21 469 1599 544 1086 373 1280 376 364 1271 963 1419 794 439